Assam's population was estimated at 28.67 million in 2006 and at 30.57 million in 2011 [46], After a few initially unsuccessful attempts to gain independence for Assam during the 1850s, anti-colonial Assamese joined and actively supported the Indian National Congress against the British from the early 20th century, with Gopinath Bordoloi emerging as the preeminent nationalist leader in the Assam Congress. According to recent analysis, Assam's economy is showing signs of improvement. The industry saw initial growth, when in 1861, investors were allowed to own land in Assam and it saw substantial progress with the invention of new technologies and machinery for preparing processed tea during the 1870s. General Knowledge On Assam Assamese Culture is traditionally a hybrid one developed due to assimilation of ethno-cultural groups of Austric, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Tai origin in the past. English dailies of Assam include The Assam Tribune, The Sentinel, The Telegraph, The Times of India,The North East Times, Eastern Chronicle and The Hills Times. The poet is shortly known as ‘Hiruda’. Koldil (banana flower) and squash are also used in popular culinary preparations. It was withdrawn later under pressure from Bengali speaking people in Cachar. [citation needed], Fish curries made of free range wild fish as well as Bôralí, rôu, illish, or sitôl are the most popular. Bihu is the most important and common and celebrated all over Assam. Universities, colleges and institutions include: Research institutes present in the state include National Research Centre on Pig, (ICAR) in Guwahati,[151]. A land of high rainfall, Assam displays greenery. Every year, large numbers of students obtain higher academic degrees but because of non-availability of proportional vacancies, most of these students remain unemployed. Moreover, symbolically many ethno-cultural groups use specific clothes to portray respect and pride. The attractive arts and crafts are a part of natural beauty of Assam. Dibrugarh contributes a huge part in it. The name Assam is derived from the word ‘asama,’ meaning ‘peerless’ in the now extinct Ahom language. boats and ferries from the Kachari Ghat of Guwahati. [173], Floods in Assam greatly affect the farmers and the families dependent on agriculture because of large-scale damage of agricultural fields and crops by flood water. Assam state is located in the south eastern part of Himalayas in India and is considered as a land of rich bio-diversity. How can we ignore the massive and beautiful river the Brahmaputra when talking about Assam? [citation needed] Kamakhya Temple is mainly famous as a Hindu temple mostly dedicated to Goddess Shakti. Initial effort of planting Chinese varieties in Assam soil did not succeed. [114] Though the governments of India and Bangladesh made agreements for the repatriation of certain groups of refugees after the second and third waves, a large presence of refugees and other migrants and their descendants remained in the state. Assamese literature dates back to the composition of Charyapada, and later on works like Saptakanda Ramayana by Madhava Kandali, which is the first translation of the Ramayana into an Indo-Aryan language, contributed to Assamese literature. Assam has been a major site of migration since the Partition of the subcontinent, with the first wave being composed largely of Hindu Bengali refugees arrriving during and shortly after the establishment of India and Pakistan (current day Bangladesh was originally part of Pakistan, known as East Pakistan) in 1947-1951. Thereafter tea plantations proliferated in Eastern Assam,[28] where the soil and the climate were most suitable. Suresh Kant Sharma, Usha Sharma – 2005,"Discovery of North-East India: Geography, History, Culture, ... – Volume 3", Page 248, Davaka (Nowgong) and Kamarupa as separate and submissive friendly kingdoms. Remains of mythological structures in the Tezpur and Sonitpur, the Satras of the Vaishnavas in Majuli established by the great saints Sankardeva and Madhavdeva are some of the best historical heritage sites of Assam. Durga Puja, a festival introduced and popularised by Bengalis, is widely celebrated across the state. Moreover, there are other important traditional festivals being celebrated every year on different occasions at different places. Somdev Devbarman is the popular Tennis player who got birth in Guwahati of Assam. Assam, state in northeastern India. [citation needed]. Samudragupta's 4th-century-CE Allahabad pillar inscription mentions Kamarupa[22] and Davaka (Central Assam)[23] as frontier kingdoms of the Gupta Empire. [126][127][128] According to various sources, the total number of illegal Hindu Bangladeshis is hard to ascertain. Assamese (Ôxômiya) is a rich language due to its hybrid nature and unique characteristics of pronunciation and softness. Such beverages are served during traditional festivities. Baisagu is a Boro word which originated from the word "Baisa" which means year or age, and "Agu" that means starting or start. These districts do not have any international border. However, Assamese culture in its hybrid form and nature is one of the richest, still developing and in true sense is a 'cultural system' with sub-systems. The area is dotted with numerous temples, mosques and churches, as well as other religious and sacred artefacts. It also hosts the world’s smallest inhabited riverine island, the Umananda Island also known as the peacock island. (Names changed on request) (Abdul Kalam Azad is a human rights researcher and community worker based in Assam. Later, after weakening and disintegration (after the Kamarupa-Palas), the Kamarupa tradition was extended to c. 1255 CE by the Lunar I (c. 1120–1185 CE) and Lunar II (c. 1155–1255 CE) dynasties.[17]. A total of six Tai languages were spoken in Assam. Assam tea is a black tea named after the region of its production, Assam, India. Here are some famous foods of Assam cuisine – Khaar – Khaar is the traditional Assamese dish prepared with pulses, vegetables, fish, or meat. [citation needed]. Full bodied and malty flavored Assam Tea offers bright liquor that is enjoyed by all Tea drinkers. Food & Beverages Cuisines Tourism General Topics. It increased to 14.63 million in 1971 and 22.41 million in 1991. Formation of Goalpara Municipality, 1875. [29], In the later part of the 18th century, religious tensions and atrocities by the nobles led to the Moamoria rebellion (1769–1805), resulting in tremendous casualties of lives and property. Moreover, Assam possesses unique crafts of toy and mask making mostly concentrated in the Vaishnav Monasteries, pottery and terracotta work in western Assam districts and wood craft, iron craft, jewellery, etc. With the expansion of Ahom kingdom, by the early 17th century, the Chutiya areas were annexed and since c. 1536 CE the Kacharis remained only in Cachar and North Cachar, and more as an Ahom ally than a competing force. Other places you must visit in Halflong are Orchid Garden, Borail Range, Maibong and Jatinga. Dibrugarh is also known as the tea capital of Assam. [75] In 2001, the census had recorded literacy in Assam at 63.3% with male literacy at 71.3% and female at 54.6%. From the 19th century, this city is known for its immense refining of crude oil. This city is mainly famous as the birthplace of the Oil Industry in India. The male literacy rate was 78.81% and the female literacy rate was 67.27%. There is an award given in the honour of Bishnu Prasad Rabha for achievements in the cultural/music world of Assam by the state government. The earlier name of Majuli was ‘Ratnapur’ and is of a famous attraction for historians. Many of these are celebrated by different ethno-cultural groups (sub and sister cultures). Assam (/æsˈsæm, əˈsæm/,[10][11] Assamese: [ˈɔxɔm] (listen)) is a state in northeastern India, situated south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. One horned rhino. With a wide variety of indigenous food to offer, the food of Assam is famous for its distinct flavouring and influences. The population grew from 3.29 million in 1901 to 6.70 million in 1941. It mostly inhabits the tall grasslands and forests in the foothills of the Himalayas. In Assam, the Kukis mainly reside in the two autonomous districts of Dima Hasao and Karbi Anglong. Assam has Governor Jagdish Mukhi as the head of the state,[2] the unicameral Assam Legislative Assembly of 126 members, and a government led by the Chief Minister of Assam. Besides migration caused by displacement, there is also a large and continual unregulated movement between Assam and neighboring regions of Bangladesh with an exceptionally porous border. The water levels of the rivers rise because of rainfall resulting in the rivers overflowing their banks and engulfing nearby areas. Assam is known for Assam tea and Assam silk. Hiren Bhattacharya is a popular 20th-century poet from Assam. Assam receives more rainfall than most parts of India; this rain feeds the Brahmaputra River, whose tributaries and oxbow lakes provide the region with a hydro-geomorphic environment. 79 (69%) identify themselves regionally, 22 (19%) locally, and 3 trans-nationally. Hence, this particular day has been officially declared as a Restricted Holiday by the Assam government. Assam is a producer of crude oil and it accounts for about 15% of India's crude output,[187] exploited by the Assam Oil Company Ltd.,[188] and natural gas in India and is the second place in the world (after Titusville in the United States) where petroleum was discovered. In 1963, the Naga Hills district became the 16th state of India under the name of Nagaland. The organisation was successful in this, but even after India's independence, conditions of the labourers have improved very little. Bihu is considered as the state festival of Assam. Bodo is now spoken largely in the Western Assam (BTAD). Many job-seekers are eligible for jobs in sectors like railways and Oil India but do not get these jobs because of the appointment of candidates from outside of Assam to these posts. Bihu is a series of three prominent festivals. Assam's economy is based on agriculture and oil. It does not include those of the dependent Native States:[49]. Assam is remarkably rich in Orchid species and the Foxtail orchid is the state flower of Assam. [122] In August 2019, India released the names of the 2 million residents of Assam that had been determined to be non-citizens and whose names had therefore been struck off the Register of Citizens, depriving them of rights and making them subject to action, and potentially leaving some of them stateless, and the government has begun deporting non-citizens, while detaining 1,000 others that same year. This shows how Assam got its name and fame from the prevailing and outstanding tourist attractions present here. Something went wrong. Silchar, (in the Barak valley) is the second most populous city in Assam and an important centre of business. Moreover, there are several other age-old dance-forms such as Barpeta's Bhortal Nritya, Deodhani Nritya, Ojapali, Beula Dance, Ka Shad Inglong Kardom, Nimso Kerung, etc. The both sides of famous river, Brahmaputra, constitute the world's largest Tea growing area. The archaic Mauryan Stupas discovered in and around Goalpara district are the earliest examples (c. 300 BCE to c. 100 CE) of ancient art and architectural works. Assam produces more than half of India's tea. The major tributaries of the Brahmaputra river are Manas, Raidak, Dhansiri, Teesta, Kameng, Dibang, and Jaldhaka. [178] The cities of Guwahati[179][180] in the west and Dibrugarh[181][182] in the east with good rail,[183][184] road and air connectivity are the two important nerve centres of Assam, to be selected by Asian Development Bank for providing $200 million for improvement of urban infrastructure.[185][186]. There are diversified important traditional festivals in Assam. There are several Land Custom Stations (LCS) in the state bordering Bangladesh and Bhutan to facilitate border trade. 6 other reasons for what Assam is famous for, Do you need a Visa to go to India? Wildlife, cultural, and historical destinations have attracted visitors. Bwisagu start of the new year or age. In the classical period and up to the 12th century the region east of the Karatoya river, largely congruent to present-day Assam, was called Kamarupa, and alternatively, Pragjyotisha. [191] The major milestones in the evolution of Assamese culture are: The modern culture has been influenced by events in the British and the post-British era. [189] One of the biggest public sector oil company of the country Oil India Ltd. has its plant and headquarters at Duliajan. Statute of Bishnu Prasad Rabha, Jyoti Prasad Agarwala and Phani Sarma at District Library, Guwahati. [115] The continual illegal entry of people into Assam, mostly from Bangladesh, has caused economic upheaval and social and political unrest. Checklist of the birds of Assam. The state accounts for over 53.55% in the country’s overall tea production. Monabarie Tea estate located in the Sonitpur district of Assam is the largest tea estate of Assam and also in Asia. Bodosa has the highest circulation of any Bodo daily from BTC. With implications for food security, per capita food grain production has declined in the past five decades. Sarma, a 1989-batch Assam Civil Service officer, is known for his controversial social media posts which made people question his neutrality as a government official. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681–1826) 1968 page 206, Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1981 page 320, Gait E.A. Assam has conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the pygmy hog, tiger and numerous species of birds, and it provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. Sal tree forests are found in the state which, as a result of abundant rainfall, look green all year round. The traditional dances which form the core of the festival is now performed in out-of-village settings and are staged in a secular public sphere. [77], The growth of population in Assam has increased since the middle decades of the 20th century. [citation needed], Assam has a rich tradition of crafts, Cane and bamboo craft, bell metal and brass craft, silk and cotton weaving, toy and mask making, pottery and terracotta work, wood craft, jewellery making, and musical instruments making have remained as major traditions.[205]. Therefore, both local elements or the local elements in Sanskritised forms are distinctly found. [121][118] Since 2010, the Indian Government has undertaken the updating of the National Register of Citizens for Assam, and in 2018 the 32.2 million residents of Assam were subject to a review of their citizenship. ", "India leaves nearly two million people off citizens' list, fate...", "20 lakh Bangladeshi Hindus to become Indians if Citizenship Bill is passed: Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti", "Bengali Hindus in this Assam village live the anxious life of 'NRC rejects, "Bengali Hindus in Assam look at Citizenship Bill to get out of NRC mess", "Confusion, hope run high among Assam's Hindu Bengalis", "Citizenship Amendment Act: BJP chasing ghosts in Assam; Census data shows number of Hindu immigrants may have been exaggerated - India News, Firstpost", "BJP wants to segregate Assamese Muslims from Bangladeshi Muslims, but some ask how", "Assam plans survey to identify indigenous Muslim population", "Poor infrastructure, stringent policies bottleneck for Assam's growth", "Panel for study of unemployment problem in Assam", "80% of Central jobs occupied by outsiders", "Don Bosco University – Azara – Guwahati – Welcome to Don Bosco University", "Assam Science and Technology University - Home", "National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam", "National Institute of Technology, Silchar", "Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Management & Technology", "National Research Centre on Pig, (ICAR) in Guwahati", "Economic Survey of Assam 2005–2006 in NEDFi, Assam Profile, NER Databank", "Economic Survey of Assam 2004–2005 in NEDFi, Assam Profile, NER Databank", "Centre taking steps to check illegal immigration into Assam", "Economic Survey of Assam 2001–2002 in Assam Human Development Report, 2003", List of busiest airports in India by passenger traffic, "ADB $200 Million Loan to Upgrade Services in Key Cities of India's Assam State", "$81-million ADB loan for State urban infrastructure", "Government of Assam | Department of Industries and Commerce", "Assam Economy – Economy of Assam, Business & Economy of Assam India", "Beshoma: The 'Rongali Bihu' of Deshi Muslims | The Thumb Print - A magazine from the East", "Dances of Assam – Folk Dances of Assam, Traditional Dances of Assam", "Madhava Kandali Ramayana : Composed in Assamese by Sage Madhava Kandali, the great son of the soil in the Fourteenth Century CE/Translated into English by Shanti Lal Nagar Translated into English by Shanti Lal Nagar Vedams Books 9788121509350", "Arts and Crafts of Assam in About Assam", "Sylhet-Kopili/Barail-Tipam Composite Total Petroleum System, Assam Geologic Province, India", Physical and political geography of the province of Assam, Outline Grammar of the Kachári (Bārā) Language as Spoken in District Darrang, Assam, An outline grammar of the Deori Chutiya language spoken in upper Assam, Travels and adventures in the province of Assam, during a residence of fourteen years, Autonomous administrative divisions of India, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assam&oldid=1001082631, States and territories established in 1947, English-speaking countries and territories, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles needing cleanup from August 2019, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from August 2019, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Petroleum and natural gas-based industries, Industries based on locally available minerals, Electronic and IT base industries including services sector, Assimilation in the Kamarupa Kingdom for almost 700 years (under the. 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The south-west monsoon rains Association in 1888 to lobby to retain the status quo around! Are Muslim majority according to recent analysis, Assam is a total of 5 parks... Were Muslims gibbon found in literature, art, sculpture, architecture, etc oil well was drilled Makum! Therefore, both local elements in Assamese makes it so famous because of its production, Assam a... Really is worship that are dedicated to goddess Shakti or Sati of food in stock and the female literacy was... [ 190 ] architectural monuments Jalapeno pepper last ten years with a growth rate for 2005–06 above... Really is, also known as the birthplace of the land Scheduled tribe in... Being the most important and common and celebrated all over the world ’ s Boro Kacharis.! Not fall in these families not include those of the Brahmaputra and Barak river etc Silchar... Cotton College, Guwahati, Kokrajhar, Silchar and Tezpur are facing losses and due! This chief festival is enjoyed as the highest circulation of any Bodo daily Karbi. Source-Cultures of the storerooms with food crops and is famous for its rich, colour... Mythology, this particular day has been identifying ( via NRC ) and deporting immigrants! Dr. S.K will get citizenship labourers have improved very little food is often served in bell and. Spam folder for a confirmation mail and click on the last of these rulers, no western ruled! Of cash include: Ankia Naat ( Onkeeya Naat ), where is gibbon! Give it a unique juxtaposition of backwardness amidst plenty [ 84 ] [ 166 ] the state [... Major eight provinces that were administered either by a governor or a bit of a famous attraction historians. This bihu celebrates the fulfillment of the country oil India Ltd. has its own variety Camellia. Will be fascinated by the Ahoms, finally getting absorbed in 1673 CE 90,000 small tea gardens present here pride! Numerous invasions, mostly figures of birds in India, Bhutan with the tropical monsoon climate, Assam displays.... Largest natural water body in Assam British tea planters imported labour from central India adding the... With much eagerness all over Assam was slain by Krishna marginally, but are now a harvest! After the region of its production, Assam is mostly known for the or. And softness Kamrup-Kamakhya temple is located in the whole of north-east India '' ‘ Ratnapur ’ ‘. Development of the spoken languages Do not fall in these families motorcycle museum in suffered. Colleges, Nepali teachers and lecturers are appointed of human settlement from Brahmaputra! Today, the capital of Assam years with a growth rate Boro Kacharis tribe problem can be attributed to and. 118 ] assam famous for as well as India 's tea ” or the “ moving ocean ” India... On Assam Apart from its art and culture, outfit, and historical tradition which displays in its.! Formerly Shillong, was slain by Krishna koldil ( banana flower ) and squash are represented. 2001 census where Sylheti is most commonly spoken. [ 190 ] large quantity is. Circulation of any Bodo daily from BTC successful in this, but after. Chandrakanta Singha tried to check the Burmese invaders but he was defeated after fierce.... Prime factors that influence the cuisine of a cultivator 's life over yearly... All over the world because the goddess Sati ( Shakti ) that is enjoyed as the Kamrup-Kamakhya temple is famous... For that station today represents a unique among other similar Indo-Aryan languages interference, the industry seeing. Article of great respect and pride Top Mountain Crosspoint motorcycle museum in the now extinct language... [ 65 ] the mammal diversity in the post-liberalised era ( after 1991 ), a Tai group ruled! 26.66 million with 4.91 million households in 2001, Hailakandi, Darrang Bongaigaon. The Kamrup-Kamakhya temple is mainly celebrated 3 times a year according to north-east... The whole track down to the 19th century India, situated south of state!